Critically evaluate John Lewis Partniership as an example of conscious capitalism Free Essay Example, 2250 words

This enabled the employees to be in a position to take forward Spedan Lewis experiment in the â€Å"industrial democracy†. The second trust settlement followed in the year 1950. Here, the residual interest of the partnership founder was transferred to the trust company (Bayley 2007, pp. 46–47). In order to match the technological advances and the changing socio-economic and environmental circumstance, the constitution of the company was updated a year before the millennium. The view of Spedan Lewis of what constitutes a business was in many respects visionary. His views were committed to establishing a better form of business, a kind of business that stakeholders demand does not drive it. The workforce partners are posed by continuous realization and evolution of the challenges provided by this vision. The ideal business of the model in John Lewis acts as an alternative to the adversarial style of manager-worker relations in organizations. The model used in John Lewis does not solve all the problems that may lead to workers tension. What it tries to create is transparency and discipline code of values for all the company’s partners and creates a good framework for looking at problems as a team and not as a manager (www. youtube. com). The constitution of the partnership outlines the all the expectations it has from its partners who are the employee. We will write a custom essay sample on Critically evaluate John Lewis Partniership as an example of conscious capitalism or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The expectations are clearly stated and are mutually supportive of the entire needs of the partners and partnership. The partnership of John Lewis contributes to the communities in which it operates in several ways including fostering links with institutions, local authorities, charities, and schools. The Council of partnership in John Lewis is significant in the enumerating the concerns of it partners (O’Regan & Ghobadian 2012, pp. 103–112). Evaluation of John Lewis Partnership principles John Lewis Partnership operates on four principles of power, profit, purpose, and members. Profits- the John Lewis partnership is aiming to make a huge amount of profit from its trading operations. This aimed so that it can be able to sustain its viability in commerce, distributing the profit shares to its members annually and financing of its continuous developments. Profits are important to the company thus it has to aim even higher every year. It helps John Lewis to undertake its other activities, which are always inconsistent with its ultimate goals and purposes (Baker 2003, p. 25). Purpose- John Lewis main purpose is to ensure maximum satisfaction and complete happiness of all its members.

Why Cosmetic Surgery Improves Mental Health - 1689 Words

Alecia Colvin A main motivator for getting cosmetic surgery is the desire of being more satisfied with one’s own appearance and improving self-esteem. However, research has shown that this is not always the case. There have been variable results showing whether cosmetic surgery will improve psychological variables such as body image, self-esteem, and mental health. Body image specifically has been suggested to be a crucial factor in the desire to undergo cosmetic surgery. This is based off two important components including body image evaluation, referring to how satisfied a person is with his or her own body, and body image orientation, indicating how important body image is for a person. A person with a low body image evaluation combined with a high body image orientation increases the likelihood of a person wanting plastic surgery. Mental health aspects have also been addressed in research literature. The general question here is whether cosmetic surgery improves me ntal health despite previous psychological state. Studies done in the past have shown variable results. Several studies done have mainly looked at breast reduction. Only a few studies have examined postoperative changes in other cosmetic surgery procedures or have looked a several surgery types. There has been evidence suggesting that body image evaluation improves after breast reduction and augmentation surgery. In another study, results showed no significant improvement with cosmetic surgery.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Dangers of Cosmetic Surgery1084 Words   |  5 Pageshas undergone cosmetic surgery, and I have heard numerous of stories about cosmetic surgery I feel prepared to speak about the issue. D. Propositional Statement: Cosmetic Surgery remains a problem in society because it carries a degree of risk such as psychological illness and severe side effects. I propose that people should take a more naturalistic approach and not consider cosmetic surgery. II. Body A. The first part of the problem is that people who undergo cosmetic surgeries are at higher riskRead MoreHuman Self Conscious Is A Serious Problem959 Words   |  4 PagesShenise researched surgery options where she found a clinic in Panama and took the decision of getting color implants, however it was nothing enjoyable after 8 days who had the color implants removed for the reason that she wasn t able to see and was in severe pain. Unfortunately, she spent 8 thousand dollars plus a 3,500 deposit. She claims that it is not worth losing your vision just for a little change in yourself nor the painful procedures that people face during cosmetic surgeries. This is one exampleRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Surgical And Nonsurgical Procedures1293 Words   |  6 PagesCosmetic plastic surgery is surgical and nonsurgical procedures that reshape the normal body structure in order to improve appearance and self-esteem. Some of the most common cosmetic procedures are breast augmentation, lipo suction, and rhinoplasty. Individuals with a healthy mind, positive outlook, and realistic expectations are appropriate candidates for cosmetic procedures. Plastic surgery is a personal choice and should not be done to fulfill someone else’s desires or to try to fit into an idealRead MoreThe Demand And Acceptance For Plastic Surgery1524 Words   |  7 Pagesthe demand and acceptance for plastic/cosmetic surgery has changed. The market for plastic surgery has exploded as the procedures become more affordable and less invasive. The general public is beginning to see this as an acceptable solution when age begins to have a visible impact on a person’s sense of physical beauty. Today, according to the Freedonia Group (2004), the US plastic surgery market is, currently, over $1 billion. â€Å"US demand for cosmetic surgery products will grow 11.2 percent yearlyRead MoreMakeup And Cosmetics Be Dangerous For Our Environment1415 Words   |  6 Pageseven pronounce, are in the majority of cosmetics sold today. People all around the world wear cosmetics every day to enhance their natural beauty. From various skincare products to makeup products, there are reasons they use it everyday. Do they know what it really does for them? Skin rashes, faster aging, and cancer are all possible outcomes from these cosmetics, despite what the product claims to say. Makeup and cosmetics are harmful to not only one’s health, but also to our environment. This isRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : The Role Of Culture And Social Contact1010 Words   |  5 PagesCosmetic surgery is becoming trendy not just in the United States, but internationally as well. We are surrounded by media that constantly reminds the society of the ways in which we should appear. The media imprints a message that happiness and success come from beauty. Media establishes this through only showing certain body figures on celebrity television shows and magazines. Because of this self-esteem begins to plummet, and people consider cosmetic surgery in hopes to boosting their self-esteemRead MoreEffects Of Plastic Surgery On Today Society1483 Words   |  6 PagesPlastic surgery has been around for decade, but now it making a real impact on today society. Many experts believe that it’s the influence of the media or the influence of people around us, which portrays the idea of self-image. There are many views of where plastic surgery makes a big impact like adolescent to middle age years and the media. Self-esteem is major factor of why many women and men receive surgery, however some experts say that this procedure doesn’t boosts confidence, while othersRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : The Role Of Culture And Social Contact1052 Words   |  5 PagesCosmetic surgery is becoming trendy no t just in the United States, but internationally as well. We are surrounded by media that constantly reminds the society of the ways in which we should appear. The media imprints a message that happiness and success come from beauty. Media establishes this through only showing certain body figures on celebrity television shows and magazines. Because of this self-esteem begins to plummet, and people consider cosmetic surgery in hopes of boosting their self-esteemRead MorePlastic Surgery Debate992 Words   |  4 PagesGroup 1 Plastic Surgery I. Introduction Plastic Surgery, or Cosmetic Surgery, is surgery that is unnecessary from a medical perspective, but is carried out to improve appearance. Cosmetic surgery is initiated by an individual who wants to change the physical appearance of a feature. Although in many cases their physical appearance is normal, they may wish to change the size of their breasts or the shape of their nose. An individual may also use cosmetic surgery to change disfigured body partsRead MoreTeenagers and the Plastic Surgery Epidemic Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesjust how far is too far? The numbers of teens going through with plastic surgery is startling and will continue to rise as America falls in to a beauty obsessed epidemic. The most drastic method used for mega alterations among teenagers is plastic surgery. There are two types of plastic surgery: reconstructive and cosmetic (Monohan). Reconstructive procedures are carried out in order to correct defects on the body. Cosmetic procedures alter a part of the body that a person is not satisfied with

The Digital Age in Music free essay sample

Technology are Re-shaping the Industry Michael Martin Monmouth university Abstract The ever-changing landscape of music distribution, due to constant advancements in technology, Is sometimes hard to keep up with for artist, producer, and consumer alike. New editions of textbooks In Music Business classes are Issued each year, and changes are made in the industry before the semester is even over. Because of this, it is vital for the industry to not only not only be aware of what is currently going happening, but also be able to foresee the direction that the music business is eating in.In this aspect, it seems that we are at a turning point where consumers and artists are taking advantage of new technologies to reshape the Industry, and developers are being left behind. Record companies are struggling to maintain their stranglehold on the music industry, most notably through utilizing age-old copyright policies. This paper explores the different avenues bands are taking to make a profit, the effects of digital music distribution on the industry, and proposes the question of whether record companies will win the war against file-sharing, use it to their advantage, or be left in the dust. Introduction In this new age of constant technological advancement an era that may very well be looked back on as a digital renaissance of sorts it seems that everything in our world is changing. One of the greatest vessels and products of this change is our media. Not only is the media itself different, but the way we perceive it, interact with it, and distribute it is now almost completely deferent due to modern technology. But while digital media seems to be evolving faster In some areas than we can even keep up with, there are other areas that are sorely lagging behind.Focusing on the media f music, Im referring mainly to copyrights. Because of ancient copyright laws that are stubbornly clung onto by record executives to ensure their stay in power, digital distribution is being cracked down upon and the advancement of a global POP networking system is being thwarted. While It Is necessary for these distributions to be kept track of so that artists can collect the royalties necessary to maintain their work (and then some), It seems that the artists are coping just fine in the meantime through other emerging technologies such as new advertising mediums and Remington downloads.Legal paid digital distribution is also emerging and becoming more popular, which may be the new direction that the industry is heading in. It appears that record executives have the biggest problem with adapting to this brave new world, and only time will tell how they cope with the drastically transformed landscape. This paper looks at research this means for both the players and the played. General Statement of Problem Im taking a Business of Music class right now, and the majority of the class has been spent learning of the major and critical role that record labels play in theIndustry. Another main aspect of the course is copyright laws, and how the preservation of intellectual property is vital to maintaining order in the business. En asked about POP networks and digital downloading, though, my professor is stumped. We also talk about a technology called Sound Scan, which keeps track of every album that is sold in stores and sends the information to a supercomputer that tells record companies how many albums their artists have sold, and royalties are dished out accordingly.But when asked how this will be kept track of in the digital GE, when millions of consumers download their music as files on unmediated networks, he doesnt know what to say. When I asked him how copyright laws work in ter ms of remixes and samples, especially in hip-hop where tracks are borrowed and traded between artists like playing cards, he couldnt give me a straight answer. Now, I am in no way undermining the credibility of my music professor. He is a brilliant and established man who was recently suggested for the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame, and his knowledge of the industry up to this point is boundless.But we are at running point in our culture, and its affects are making those like my professor part of a dying breed. Soon his course will be taught through a completely different lens, Ninth digital media at the foreground of each lesson. To fully understand our digital culture, one must first get a firm grasp on the situation at hand, and then look to the future to predict how our changes today will affect tomorrow. Summary of Literature The main aspect of change in music distribution, which almost all of the new studies of the genre are incorporating, lies in digital distribution.One way that this s changing the face of the industry is how it allows local bands to spread their music across a much wider audience than would normally be possible. One article, titled Local musicians building global audiences: Social capital and the distribution of user-created content on- and off-line, deals with this such change. Building upon existing work regarding interactive online content creation, this article examines local-level music production and distribution to demonstrate how musicians cultivate audiences through social capital that is exchanged both on- and off-line.More importantly, it examines how they do this digitally to build an audience. The researcher has taken into account two local bands from two different college towns, and examined the pros and cons that come from digitally distributing their music. It IS found that digital distribution does allow them to spread to a much wider audience, and one thing that it helps with the most is the building of a solid social capital system. The networks allow them to keep in touch with their fans, building and strengthening close bonds with the fantasy they have already establish ed.However, it does not necessarily help them to broaden their fantasy, which is the Initial idea. It is stated that it is actually quite difficult to integrate their music into them. Another aspect of this article is the fact that an almost equal amount of time, effort, and money is put into advertising over the peer-to-peer sites as would be spent on getting their name out the old-fashioned way. Another article titled Music in the Digital Age: Musicians and Fans Around the World Come Together on the Net continues to explore this aspect of digital downloading.This article explains owe production, consumption, and distribution has changed wildly in the industry due to the virtual world. Artists now how the ability to control distribution of their material over the internet if they know how to do so, giving them complete freedom from interfering record companies and allowing them to collect full revenue while maintaining all copyrights. Another main aspect of this article is the realization that distances across the world and cultural boundaries have now become irrelevant because of digital distribution.This has also made the interaction between fans and artists much more direct and accessible, as well as allowing for greater customizations in fans selection and even editing of music (some bands are openly giving consumers the means to create their own mixes of songs although this technology already existed, the point is that such copyright-infringing actions are now dealt with much more liberally). The article states that this type of virtual interaction could be what Marshal Mclean envisioned when he proposed the idea of a global village on the world-wide web. The next article, titled The new radio:Music licensing as a response to industry woe, steps away from the theme of digital networking for a moment to examine another rising outlet for music exposure: commercial advertising. At times when the music industry becomes narrower and pop culture seems to dominate the airwaves, advertising agencies have gladly stepped in to offer struggling bands a chance for wide exposure and large amounts of money. In the year 2000, previously unknown artist Mob became a huge international success, receiving loads of airplay on the radio and selling millions of copies of his album Play worldwide.This was all made possible when all 18 of that albums tracks were placed in commercials, movies, and television shows around the globe. Currently, artists like Arcade Fire and Vampire Weekend have ent ered mainstream popularity predominantly through their songs being used in tons of television commercials. Similarly, another media being used by some bands to get their name out there is video games. Games like Grand Theft Auto, Saints Row, and especially sports games like Madden and NIL have all sparked the popularity of lesser-known bands through the placement of their songs.This has all become Seibel because of the dwindling success of radio, as well as the genre dilemma of illegal downloading over the internet. Continuing with new technologies changing the landscape of the industry, another new player in music distribution is the mobile device. According to an article called Mobile music, customer value, and changing market needs, over the past couple of years, phones have taken on the role of an entertainment center for progressive user segments, the increased personalization of services, and the role of various models of payment for digital (including mobile) music. Anderson, 2006) This is again piggybacking off of the failures of radio due to the shrinking variety of music being aired, and largely due to the growing popularity of illegal file sharing online. Seeing that t his has been a growing trend in the phones and other mobile devices have proved to be successful channels for doing so. Rhea main problem with illegal downloading in fact, the reason that this such distribution is illegal is that it is in violation of U. S. Copyright laws. Some argue that these copyrights are severely outdated, as they have been around for hundreds of ears, and are in need of being updated.Since the beginning of music, technologies have emerged which have changed the face of the industry. Every time this happens, copyright laws have had to adapt in order to keep up with the times. In an article titled Musical Copyright Law: Past, present and future of online music distribution, R. J. Delphic argues that copyright laws are always delayed in doing so, and that this is currently the case with the file-sharing situation. The industry has been irreversibly changed as this new technology has allowed consumers easier access to USIA.There is going to be no going back from this point, and agencies such as TDMA are going to have to adapt in order to keep up. The paper argues that the Nays that agencies such as this try to hinder file sharing and online webmasters is not only hurting the industry (by making it very difficult for independent bands to get their name out, while glorifying already-popular mainstream bands), but that it is also ultimately ineffective in its goal of preventing such distributions. This is because consumers no longer see these actions as immoral, although they are still illegal.Therefore, copyright agencies such as these should be loosening their copyright laws, rather than tightening them (which has been the case over the last few years). Another article called When creators, corporations and consumers collide: Anapest and the development of online music distribution investigates how this situation Nas brought to exist in the first place. In the beginning, it was Anapest vs.. The Big Five. The Big Five consists of the five major record companies, MI, Universal, Sony, rime Warner and BMW.The article proposes that the lawsuit that started between he Big Five and Anapest was in fact the beginning of a much larger battle that still remains between the New Economy and the Old Economy. The New Economy came to fruition due to the so-called Nirvana Theory of the internet, meaning that there seemed to be a perception that the internet was a home for free exchange of Intellectual property in a win-win situation where creators of intellectual property Nil regain control over copyright while reducing barriers to entry and distributor interference in their productions. The Big Five, however, seek to control these ramifications through a series of tracking, litigation, and anti-copying technologies. After their victory in the lawsuit against Anapest, the Big Five now seeks to extend their control over the music industry to include these online and digital transactions. Rhea article concludes by predicting the ways that this will be conducted, namely by issuing monthly flat-rate subscriptions that consumers will apply to in exchange for unlimited access too governed online music library.Another article, titled Plenty to learn from Apples near-perfect tunes store, examines what is probably the first ND so-far only legitimate digital replacement of traditional music outlets: the tunes Store. It basically Just examines what the tunes Store does and why it is so effective. It begins by realizing that in the past, record companies would basically force upon AS what music we would like by controlling the airwaves and determining what was going to make it or flop.Now, however, in the age of digital distribution, freedom has Inheres services like Anapest and Limier delivered on this pre mise and made the consumer very happy, it screwed the artist by cutting heavily into their royalties. Services like Rhapsody, on the other hand, and I did not know this, are controlled and operated by the record companies. Amidst all of these attempts to get handle on the new musical distributing situation, Steve Jobs has seemed to have creating an operating network that benefits both the artist and consumer, while leaving some for the middle-man (himself).The tunes store, with its bundled offers and accent songs and $10 albums, is a great template for how to package music and distribute it for a price that is affordable to the consumer while compensating the owners of the intellectual property. It is also very easy to use, with an interface that borrows heavily from Amazon and lightly from chains like Cataracts. Right now, the tunes store seems to be the only real win-win out there for consumer and artist, and Im sure Mr.. Jobs isnt doing too badly for himself, either.The last article named Managing Pirate Culture: Corporate Responses to Peer-to-Peer Networking explores how the major record companies, who are mainly the ones being hurt by peer-to- peer (POP) distribution of music, are basically hypoc ritically reacting to the new era of digital downloading. The main issue behind digital music distribution, as we have en, is that the labels and artists are not being properly compensated for their copyrighted property. Record labels blame POP file sharing for the recent decline in record sales, while in reality there are many other reasons for this happening.Using this as their platform, though, and by labeling file sharing with words like piracy and theft, the major record companies try to demonic file sharing in hopes of softening TTS blow on their hold of their industry. But at the same time, they are also trying to find new ways to utilize POP networking to their benefit. If they can find a way to intro it, they will end the free and personalized peer-to-peer and artist-to- consumer interaction that is currently taking place and continue with their dominance over the industry.The article also says that if there is anyone in this medium that can afford to take a blow to their massive cross-media profits for the time being, it is the m ajor record labels. Critical Evaluation Through examination of the articles I found, it seems that pretty much all of the bases have been covered in terms of the problems proposed by new technology used in the placement and distribution of music. Most articles described the potential harmful effects of file sharing, being the loss of profits for artists and their record labels.As it turns out, though, the artists are not really suffering as much as originally perceived. The new network options that are available actually open up new avenues for fan contact and relationships that was not available before, and most artists are in fact psyched about the opportunity to massively spread their content over the web. Local musicians, who were originally used by record companies as examples to gain sympathy for their cause of cracking down on file haring, are in reality benefiting the most from this aspect of social networking.We have seen the rise of this issue, beginning with the original suit against Anapest by the Big Five record companies, and how these companies are using dated record companies that must change and adapt, and that the copyright laws in our country must once again be updated in order to keep up with the times. W e see other ways that musicians are now making their money from the services that already exist for legal digital distribution such as tunes, to other new technologies that have emerged in this age such as television and videotape advertising and bile rhinestones.Ultimately, it seems that the artists are going to do Just fine in this new digital era, and it is the record companies who seem to have the biggest problem with the shift in power. Surprisingly (or maybe not), I did not find one article that solely sympathized with the record executives. Every article that I found, including the ones that began by stating the case of the record labels and describing the threat that new technologies pose on them, ended up saying that their case against digital downloading was basically mute and that the copyright laws they use to fall back on may no longer be effective in this new age.Its kind of hard to sympathize with the record companies, En they are already the ones that hold the most legal and financial ground in the music business and they are essentially Just the middlemen between the artist and consumer. This era of file sharing and POP networking seems to be removing the need for a middleman, since fans are more directly in contact with and in control of their musical world than ever before. People like Steve Jobs are now realizing how to step in as the new middlemen in the industry. Maybe its time for the old bosses t o step out. References Sergeant, C. (2009).

Madama Bovary & Anna Karenina Essays - English-language Films

Madama Bovary & Anna Karenina Reading provides an escape for people from the ordinariness of everyday life. Madame Bovary and Anna Karenina, dissatisfied with their lives pursued their dreams of ecstasy and love through reading. At the beginning of both novels Anna Karenina and Emma Bovary made active decisions about their future although these decisions were not always rational. As their lives started to disintegrate Emma and Anna sought to live out their dreams and fantasies through reading. Reading served as morphine allowing them to escape the pain of everyday life, but reading like morphine closed them off from the rest of the world preventing them from making rational decisions. It was Anna and Emma's loss of reasoning and isolation that propelled them toward their downfall. Emma at the beginning of the novel was someone who made active decisions about what she wanted. She saw herself as the master of her destiny. Her affair with Rudolphe was made after her decision to live out her fantasies and escape the ordinariness of her life and her marriage to Charles. Emma's active decisions though were based increasingly as the novel progresses on her fantasies. The lechery to which she falls victim is a product of the debilitating adventures her mind takes. These adventures are feed by the novels that she reads. They were filled with love affairs, lovers, mistresses, persecuted ladies fainting in lonely country houses, postriders killed at every relay, horses ridden to death on every page, dark forests, palpitating hearts, vows, sobs, tears and kisses, skiffs in the moonlight, nightingales in thickets, and gentlemen brave as lions gentle as lambs, virtuous as none really is, and always ready to shed floods of tears.(Flaubert 31.) Emma's already impaired reasoning and disappointing marriage to Charles caused Emma to withdraw into reading books, she fashioning herself a life based not in reality but in fantasy. Anna Karenina at the begging of Tolstoy's novel was a bright and energetic women. When Tolstoy first introduces us to Anna she appears as the paragon of virtue, a women in charge of her own destiny. He felt that he had to have another look at her- not because she was very beautiful not because of her elegance and unassuming grace which was evident in her whole figure but because their was something specially sweet and tender in the expression of her lovely face as she passed him. (Tolstoy 76.) In the next chapter Anna seems to fulfill expectations Tolstoy has aroused in the reader when she mends Dolly and Oblonskys marriage. But Anna like Emma has a defect in her reasoning, she has an inability to remain content with the ordinariness of her life: her marriage to Karenin, the social festivities, and housekeeping. Anna longs to live out the same kind of romantic vision of life that Emma also read and fantasized about. Anna read and understood everything, but she found no pleasure in reading, that is to say in following the reflection in other people's lives. She was to eager to live herself. When she read how a heroine of a novel nursed a sick man, she wanted to move about the sick room with noiseless steps herself. When she read how Lady Mary rode to hounds and teased her sister-in-law, astonishing everyone by her daring, she would have liked to do the same. (Tolstoy 114.) Anna Karenina was a romantic who tried to make her fantasies a reality. It was for this reason she had an affair with Vronsky. Like Emma her decisions were driven by impulsiveness and when the consequences caught up with her latter in the novel she secluded herself from her friends, Vronsky, and even her children. Anna and Emma both had character flaws that made them view the world as fantasy so that when their fantasy crumbled they resorted to creating a new fantasy by living their lives through the books they read. Books allowed Emma Bovary to withdraw from her deteriorating life. They allowed her to pursue her dreams of love, affairs, and knights; from the wreckage of her marriage with Charles. Emma's, experience at La Vaubyessard became a source of absurd fantasy for Emma, and ingrained in her mind that the world that the

Biography of Babur, Founder of the Mughal Empire

Biography of Babur, Founder of the Mughal Empire Babur (born Zahir-ud-din Muhammad; February 14, 1483–December 26, 1530) was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. His descendants, the Mughal emperors, built a long-lasting empire that covered much of the subcontinent until 1868, and that continues to shape the culture of India to this day. Babur himself was of noble blood; on his fathers side, he was a Timurid, a Persianized Turk descended from Timur the Lame, and on his mothers side he was a descendant of Genghis Khan. Fast Facts: Babur Known For: Babur conquered the Indian subcontinent and founded the Mughal Empire.Also Known As: Zahir-ud-din MuhammadBorn: February 14, 1483 in Andijan, Timurid EmpireParents: Umar Sheikh Mirza and Qutlaq Nigar KhanumDied: December 26, 1530 in Agra, Mughal EmpireSpouse(s): Aisha Sultan Begum, Zaynab Sultan Begum, Masuma Sultan Begum, Maham Begum, Dildar Begum, Gulnar Aghacha, Gulrukh Begum, Mubarika YousefzaiChildren: 17 Early Life Zahir-ud-din Muhammad, nicknamed Babur or Lion, was born into the Timurid royal family in Andijan, now in Uzbekistan, on February 14, 1483. His father Umar Sheikh Mirza was the Emir of Ferghana; his mother Qutlaq Nigar Khanum was the daughter of Moghuli King Yunus Khan. By the time of Baburs birth, the remaining Mongol descendants in western Central Asia had intermarried with Turkic and Persian peoples and assimilated into the local culture. They were strongly influenced by Persia (using Farsi as their official court language), and they had converted to Islam. Most favored the mystic Sufism-infused style of Sunni Islam. Taking the Throne In 1494, the Emir of Ferghana died suddenly and 11-year-old Babur ascended his fathers throne. His seat was anything but secure, however, with numerous uncles and cousins plotting to replace him. Evidently aware that a good offense is the best defense, the young emir set out to expand his holdings. By 1497, he had conquered the famous Silk Road oasis city of Samarkand. While he was thus engaged, however, his uncles and other nobles rose in rebellion back in Andijan. When Babur turned to defend his base, he once again lost control of Samarkand. The determined young emir had regained both cities by 1501, but the Uzbek ruler Shaibani Khan challenged him over Samarkand and dealt Baburs forces a crushing defeat. This marked the end of Baburs rule in what is now Uzbekistan. Exile in Afghanistan For three years, the homeless prince wandered Central Asia, trying to attract followers to help him retake his fathers throne. Finally, in 1504, he and his small army turned to the southeast, marching over the snow-bound Hindu Kush mountains into Afghanistan. Babur, now 21 years old, besieged and conquered Kabul, establishing a base for his new kingdom. Ever optimistic, Babur would ally himself with the rulers of Herat and Persia and try to take back Fergana in 1510 to 1511. Once more, however, the Uzbeks utterly defeated the Mughul army, driving them back to Afghanistan. Thwarted, Babur began to look south once more. Invitation to Replace Lodi In 1521, a perfect opportunity for southern expansion presented itself to Babur. The sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, Ibrahim Lodi, was hated and reviled by his citizens. He had shaken up the military and court ranks by installing his own followers in place of the old guard and ruled the lower classes with an arbitrary and tyrannical style. After just four years of Lodis rule, the Afghan nobility was so fed up with him that they invited the Timurid Babur to come to the Delhi Sultanate and depose him. Naturally, Babur was quite happy to comply. He gathered an army  and launched a siege on Kandahar. The Kandahar Citadel held out for much longer than Babur had anticipated. As the siege dragged on, however, important nobles and military men from the Delhi Sultanate such as Ibrahim Lodis uncle, Alam Khan, and the governor of Punjab allied themselves with Babur. First Battle of Panipat Five years after his initial invitation to the subcontinent, Babur finally launched an all-out assault on the Delhi Sultanate and Ibrahim Lodi in April 1526. On the plains of Punjab, Baburs army of 24,000- mostly cavalry- rode out against Sultan Ibrahim, who had 100,000 men and 1,000 war elephants. Although Babur appeared to be terribly outmatched, he had something that Lodi did not- guns. The battle that followed, now known as the First Battle of Panipat, marked the fall of the Delhi Sultanate. With superior tactics and firepower, Babur crushed Lodis army, killing the sultan and 20,000 of his men. Lodis fall signaled the beginning of the Mughal Empire (also known as the Timurid Empire) in India. Rajput Wars Babur had overcome his fellow Muslims in the Delhi Sultanate (and of course, most were happy to acknowledge his rule), but the mainly-Hindu Rajput princes were not so easily conquered. Unlike his ancestor Timur, Babur was dedicated to the idea of building a permanent empire in India- he was no mere raider. He decided to build his capital at Agra. The Rajputs, however, put up a spirited defense against this new Muslim and would-be overlord from the north. Knowing that the Mughal army had been weakened at the Battle of Panipat, the princes of Rajputana gathered an army even larger than Lodis and went to war behind Rana Sangam of Mewar. In March 1527 at the Battle of Khanwa, Baburs army managed to deal the Rajputs a huge defeat. The Rajputs were undaunted, however, and battles and skirmishes continued all over the northern and eastern sections of Baburs empire for the next several years. Death In the autumn of 1530, Babur fell ill. His brother-in-law conspired with some of the Mughal court nobles to seize the throne after Baburs death, bypassing Humayun, Baburs eldest son and appointed heir. Humayun hurried to Agra to defend his claim to the throne  but soon fell gravely ill himself. According to legend, Babur cried out to God to spare Humayuns life, offering his own in return. On December 26, 1530, Babur died at the age of 47. Humayun, 22 years old, inherited a rickety empire, beset by internal and external enemies. Like his father, Humayun would lose power and be forced into exile, only to return and stake his claim to India. By the end of his life, he had consolidated and expanded the empire, which would reach its height under his son Akbar the Great. Legacy Babur lived a difficult life, always battling to make a place for himself. In the end, however, he planted the seed for one of the worlds great empires. Babur was a devotee of poetry and gardens, and his descendants would raise all kinds of arts to their apogee during their long reign. The Mughal Empire lasted until 1868, at which point it finally fell to the colonial British Raj. Sources Moon, Farzana.  Babur: the First Moghul in India. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 1997.Richards, John F.  The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Bigraphy on Michael Jordan essays

Bigraphy on Michael Jordan essays I recently read a biography on Michael Jordan by Mitchell Krugel. This book gives out accurate info on Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan know as the best player in the NBA recently. He retired with no specific reason. He was a phenomenal superstar with many extraordinary abilities. He was the most recognizable athlete in the world , not only the top player of his era, but was possibly the best player ever to wear the uniform of an NBA It all started as a young boy in North Carolina where he was born and raised by his parents. Michael Jordan grew up dreaming of being a sports star and with the love of sports in his heart. He grew up playing baseball when he was young. He was the MVP for his team when they won the championship. When he was in Junior High School he began to play basketball. He got a love for this game that persuaded him to practice hard and give it all he had. He practiced by playing with his big brother. His brother, with his height advantage, beat him majority of the time. And Michael with his competitiveness and the hate of being the loser tried even harder. He tried to make himself taller any way he could, one time he even went to some Monkey bars hung on them trying to stretch himself. Maybe it worked because he was short. When Michael attended Laney High School, he tried out for the Varsity basketball team. When he found out he didnt make it, he went running to his house, ran straight to his room and started crying. He kept on practicing and begging the coach to put him on the team but sadly the coach told him just to try out again next year. After practicing hard, Michael had experienced his first dunk as a freshmen in Highschool. When I finally became known as an outstanding high school player, I was known as a guard because I was 6-foot-6, Michael recalled. I didnt have the body of a forward, and I did have the skills of a guard beca...

4th amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

4th amendment - Essay Example Scaros (2011) describes the Katz case where such a violation did occur. In the case, Katz, who was the petitioner, did not know that the FBI had fixed an eavesdropping device on the telephone booth he used that documented his conversations. He was found guilty, but on appealing, the majority of seven judges on the jury judged that his 4th amendment rights had been violated by the FBI. In the same way, the gathering of my phone records and emails without my consent and knowledge is a violation of the amendment. In the case, the court noted that as long as an individual would logically know that their conversation is and remains private, then such a conversation is protected by the 4th amendment (Scaros 2011). In support of the view that it is a violation, and it amounts to unreasonable search, Hess and Orthmann (2011) argue that warrantless search is validated when approval for the search is given or if no right to privacy exists. Hence, as gathering phone records and emails is not undertaken with a search warrant or my approval, then it violates the 4th amendment and is unreasonable (Hess and Orthmann